Some Aviation Error percentages in Situation Awareness from Endsley’s Article [1]
76% of SA errors in pilots could be traced to problems
in perception of needed information (due
to either failures or shortcomings in
the system or problems with cognitive processes).
A recent study of human error in aircraft accidents found that 26.6% involved situations
where there was poor decision making even though the aircrew appeared to have adequate
situation awareness for the decision.
situations where all the needed information was present, but was not attended to by the operator (35% of total SA errors).
that working memory losses (where information was initially perceived and then
forgotten) explained 8.4% of SA errors (frequently associated with task distractions
and interruptions).
approximately 7% of SA errors could be
traced to a poor or insufficient mental model.In addition, they found that 6.5% of SA errors involved the
use of the incorrect mental model to process information, thus arriving at an incorrect understanding of the situation.
Another 4.6% of SA errors involved
over-reliance on default values in the mental model. Together these three problems with the use of mental models accounted for approximately
18%
of SA errors.
that
pattern matching to situation prototypes accounted for 87% of decisions by tactical commanders, with
another 12% employing a story building process (most likely made possible through mental
models). Commanders also tended to evaluate courses
of action through mental simulation 18% of the time.
