On Emotion Regulation
Excerpts
from The Temporal Deployment of Emotion Regulation Strategies during Negative
Emotional Episodes [1]
Strategies to regulate emotion come in many different shapes and forms, and a primary goal of emotion regulation theory has been organizing these diverse strategies into coherent groups. One of the primary theoretical models for accomplishing this task has been Gross’ process model (Gross, 1998b, 2015) [2] , which posits that time is a defining feature of emotion regulation.
The process model is based on the modal model of emotion, which specifies four sequential steps
involved in
emotion generation:
(a) an emotional situation arises;
(b) attention is directed toward the situation;
(c) an appraisal of the situation is formed;
and finally
(d) an
emotional response to the situation is generated (Gross & Thompson, 2007) [3] .
The process
model specifies five families of emotion regulation strategies, grouped based
on the sequential step of the emotion generation process at which they exert
their primary impact.
In temporal
order, the first and second families are
situation selection and situation modification, which have their primary impact
on the emotional situation.
The third
family is attentional deployment, which includes strategies that exert their
primary impact on attentional processes, such as distraction and rumination.
The fourth family is cognitive change, which includes strategies that exert their primary impact onappraisal processes, such as cognitive reappraisal.
The fifth
and final family is response modulation, which includes strategies that exert
their primary impact on the emotional response, such as expressive suppression
(Gross, 1998b).
REFERENCES:
[1] Kalokerinos,
Résibois, Verduyn, Kuppens, ‘The Temporal Deployment of Emotion Regulation
Strategies during Negative Emotional Episodes’
[2] Gross, J. J. (1998b). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An
integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299.
[3] Gross, J. J.,
& Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations
Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 3-24). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
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