Sunday, November 18, 2018

Bölünmüş Dikkatte İkincil Görevin Sonlanması


Bölünmüş Dikkatte İkincil Görevin Sonlanması
Closure of the secondary task in the divided attention

Bu kısa not, dikkat birincil ve ikincil görevler arasında bölündüğünde, ikincil görevin sonlanması üzerinedir.
This is a short note on the closure of the secondary task when attention is divided between a primary and secondary task.
“Ergonomik açıdan, kişi birden çok görev verildiğinde, birincil görev öncelik verilendir.  Yani, en büyük zihinsel ve fiziki kaynak alan görevdir. Verilen diğer bütün görevler daha sonra sıralanır.[1]”
"Ergonomically speaking, when one has a multi-task assignment, the primary task is the one that takes priority. That is, it is the task that should receive the largest amount of allocated mental and physical resource. All other tasks in the assignment are dealt with in later order.[1]"

“Ergonomik açıdan, işin tamamlanması için birden çok görev gerektiğinde, birincil işe göre yan ya da tesadüfi olan herhangi bir iş ikincildir.”
"Ergonomically, any job which is subordinate or incidental to the primary job where multiple tasks are required for completion.

İKİNCİL GÖREV: “Birincil bir görevi yapmak için, bir çok ikincil görevin yerine getirilmesi gerekebilir”.
SECONDARY TASK: "To perform a primary task, many secondary tasks may have to be completed.[2]”

Bölünmüş dikkat açısından ikincil görevin birincil görevin amacı ya da bağlamı ile ilişkili olması gerekmez.  Araba sürerken müzik dinlemek gibi.
From the point of divided attention the secondary task does not have to be related to the aim or context of the primary task.  Listening to music while driving a car for example.

Birincil görev için gerekli dikkat bazı durumlarda azalabilir.  Tahmin edilebilirlik, tekrar edilebilirlik, algılanması gereken olayların işlem hızı bunların bazılarıdır.
The attention necessary for the primary task may be reduced in some cases.  Predictability, repetitiveness, processing speed of events that have to be percieved are some of these.

Birincil görevin dikkat kaynaklarının azalması ikincil görevin kaynaklarını arttırır.
The reduction of attention resources for the primary task increases the resources of the secondary task.

Birincil göreve ilişkin dikkat kaynaklarına olan ihtiyacın artması da ikincil göreve ilişkin kaynakları azaltır.
Also the increase of need for attention resources for the primary task reduces the resources for the secondary task.

Arabayı sürerken ve aynı zamanda radyoyu dinlerken, zor bir durumda, sürücü radyoyu artık duymaz(acil durum kalkana kadar).
While driving and listening to radio at the same time, in the case of a difficult situation, the driver does not hear the radio anymore (-till the emergency is solved).

Acil bir durumda ikinicil görev bilinçli bir kara olmadan devre dışı kalır.
In the case of emergency, the second task closes temporarily without conscious decision. 

İkinicilin bu otomatik sonlanışı, birincil ve ikincil görevlerin farkında olmadan karışması durumunda ölümcül bir tehlikeye dönüşebilir.
This automatic closure of the secondary may become a deadly danger when primary and secondary tasks are mixed unintentionaly.

Araba sürerken eğer konuşma ciddileşirse ve derinleşirse benzer bir riske neden olabilir.  İkincil görev, yani ‘konuşma’ yoğunlaşır ve sürücü ‘oto sürme’, birincil görevinin ikincil göreve dönüştüğünü fark etmez.
Talking while driving may cause a similar risk if the talk becomes serious and elaborated.  The secondary task, namely 'talking' gets hot and the driver does not become aware that his primary task, 'driving' has become 'secondary'. 

En kötüsü ‘konuşmanın’ birincil göreve dönüşmesi ve ikincil görevi, yani ‘oto sürmeyi’ kapanmaya zorlamasıdır.  Sürücü arabayı kontrol ediyor olmadığının farkında değildir.
The worst of it happens when the 'talk' becomes the primary task and causes the second task, 'driving's closure automatically.  The driver does not notice that he is not in control of the vehicle.

Teknik dille, insan makine vücut buluşu bozulmuş ve durum farkındalığı kaybolmuştur.
Technically speaking, the man machine embodiment has been destroyed and situation awareness is lost.

Bazan aniden uyanıp yoldaki bir tehlikeyi fark etmemizin bir nedeni de budur.
This is one of the reasons we sometimes suddenly wake up to a risk on the road and try to correct it.


[1,2] Nugent, Pam M.S., PsychologyDictionary.org, April 28, 2013




Saturday, November 03, 2018

Closure of the secondary task


Closure of the secondary task

This is a short note on the closure of the secondary task when attention is divided between a primary and secondary task.

"Ergonomically speaking, when one has a multi-task assignment, the primary task is the one that takes priority. That is, it is the task that should receive the largest amount of allocated mental and physical resource. All other tasks in the assignment are dealt with in later order.[1]"

"Ergonomically, any job which is subordinate or incidental to the primary job where multiple tasks are required for completion.[2]"

From the point of divided attention the secondary task does not have to be related to the aim or context of the primary task.  Listening to music while driving a car for example.

The attention necessary for the primary task may be reduced in some cases.  Predictability, repetitiveness, processing speed of events that have to be perceived are some of these.

The reduction of attention resources for the primary task increases the resources of the secondary task.

Also the increase of need for attention resources for the primary task reduces the resources for the secondary task.

While driving and listening to radio at the same time, in the case of a difficult situation, the driver does not hear the radio anymore (-till the emergency is solved).

In the case of emergency, the second task closes temporarily without conscious decision. 

This automatic closure of the secondary may become a deadly danger when primary and secondary tasks are mixed unintentionaly.

Talking while driving may cause a similar risk if the talk becomes serious and elaborated.  The secondary task, namely 'talking' gets hot and the driver does not become aware that his primary task, 'driving' has become 'secondary'. 

The worst of it happens when the 'talk' becomes the primary task and causes the second task, 'driving's closure automatically.  The driver does not notice that he is not in control of the vehicle.

Technically speaking, the man machine embodiment has been destroyed and situation awareness is lost.

This is one of the reasons we sometimes suddenly wake up to a risk on the road and try to correct it.


[1,2] Nugent, Pam M.S., PsychologyDictionary.org, April 28, 2013